This study investigates stakeholder perspectives on nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban planning across six European cities. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis yielded 107 codes categorized into NBS benefits, challenges, opportunities, actors, and regulations. Cooperation emerged as the most frequently cited benefit (Fr=125), while lack of knowledge was identified as the primary barrier to NBS implementation (Fr=93). The demand for green spaces (Fr=42) was seen as a key opportunity to advance NBS integration. The study offers practical recommendations to address knowledge gaps and enhance stakeholder engagement in implementing NBS.
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